SQLite

  return 0;
}
int sqlite3FixExpr(
  DbFixer *pFix,     /* Context of the fixation */
  Expr *pExpr        /* The expression to be fixed to one database */
){
  while( pExpr ){
    if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ) break;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ) break;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return 1;
    }else{
      if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pExpr->x.pList) ) return 1;
    }
    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pExpr->pRight) ){
      return 1;

** and the pExpr parameter is returned unchanged.
*/
Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
  if( pCollName->n>0 ){
    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLLATE, pCollName, 1);
    if( pNew ){
      pNew->pLeft = pExpr;
      pNew->flags |= EP_Collate;
      pNew->flags |= EP_Collate|EP_Skip;
      pExpr = pNew;
    }
  }
  return pExpr;
}
Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, const char *zC){
  Token s;
  assert( zC!=0 );
  s.z = zC;
  s.n = sqlite3Strlen30(s.z);
  return sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, pExpr, &s);
}

/*
** Skip over any TK_COLLATE and/or TK_AS operators at the root of
** an expression.
** Skip over any TK_COLLATE or TK_AS operators and any unlikely()
** or likelihood() function at the root of an expression.
*/
Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip) ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr>0 );
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
      pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    }else{
  while( pExpr && (pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE || pExpr->op==TK_AS) ){
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
  }
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE || pExpr->op==TK_AS );
      pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    }
  }   
  return pExpr;
}

/*
** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
** there is no defined collating sequence, return NULL.
**

** assigned.
*/
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  const char *z;

  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue|EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue|EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) );
  z = pExpr->u.zToken;
  assert( z!=0 );
  assert( z[0]!=0 );
  if( z[1]==0 ){
    /* Wildcard of the form "?".  Assign the next variable number */
    assert( z[0]=='?' );
    pExpr->iColumn = (ynVar)(++pParse->nVar);

/*
** Recursively delete an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  /* Sanity check: Assert that the IntValue is non-negative if it exists */
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) || p->u.iValue>=0 );
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
    /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
    assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLeft);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
    if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) && (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)!=0 ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
    }
  }
  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Static) ){

*/
static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
  int nSize;
  assert( flags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE || flags==0 ); /* Only one flag value allowed */
  if( 0==(flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE) ){
    nSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
  }else{
    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ); 
    assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
    assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_Irreducible)==0 );
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) );
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_NoReduce) );
    if( p->pLeft || p->pRight || p->x.pList ){
      nSize = EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE | EP_Reduced;
    }else{
      nSize = EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE | EP_TokenOnly;
    }
  }
  return nSize;

      }else{
        int nSize = exprStructSize(p);
        memcpy(zAlloc, p, nSize);
        memset(&zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
      }

      /* Set the EP_Reduced, EP_TokenOnly, and EP_Static flags appropriately. */
      pNew->flags &= ~(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_Static);
      pNew->flags &= ~(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_Static|EP_MemToken);
      pNew->flags |= nStructSize & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly);
      pNew->flags |= staticFlag;

      /* Copy the p->u.zToken string, if any. */
      if( nToken ){
        char *zToken = pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&zAlloc[nNewSize];
        memcpy(zToken, p->u.zToken, nToken);
      }

      if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & EP_TokenOnly) ){
        /* Fill in the pNew->x.pSelect or pNew->x.pList member. */
        if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
          pNew->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->x.pSelect, isReduced);
        }else{
          pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList, isReduced);
        }
      }

      /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) ){
      if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) ){
        zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
        if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced) ){
          pNew->pLeft = exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
          pNew->pRight = exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
        }
        if( pzBuffer ){
          *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
        }
      }else{
        pNew->flags2 = 0;
        if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
          pNew->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLeft, 0);
          pNew->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pRight, 0);
        }
      }

    }
  }

**
*/
static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){

  /* If pWalker->u.i is 3 then any term of the expression that comes from
  ** the ON or USING clauses of a join disqualifies the expression
  ** from being considered constant. */
  if( pWalker->u.i==3 && ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
  if( pWalker->u.i==3 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
    pWalker->u.i = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    /* Consider functions to be constant if all their arguments are constant
    ** and pWalker->u.i==2 */

    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
    if( prNotFound ){
      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, *prNotFound);
    }else{
      testcase( pParse->nQueryLoop>0 );
      pParse->nQueryLoop = 0;
      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
      }
    }
    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull, eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID);
    pParse->nQueryLoop = savedNQueryLoop;
  }else{
    pX->iTable = iTab;

  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger
  **
  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){
    testAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  if( pParse->explain==2 ){
    char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(
        pParse->db, "EXECUTE %s%s SUBQUERY %d", testAddr>=0?"":"CORRELATED ",

      pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0,
                                  &sqlite3IntTokens[1]);
      pSel->iLimit = 0;
      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
        return 0;
      }
      rReg = dest.iSDParm;
      ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
      ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
      break;
    }
  }

  if( testAddr>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, testAddr);
  }

  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
    int r = p->iReg;
    if( r>=iFrom && r<=iTo ) return 1;    /*NO_TEST*/
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG || SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST */

/*
** Convert an expression node to a TK_REGISTER
*/
static void exprToRegister(Expr *p, int iReg){
  p->op2 = p->op;
  p->op = TK_REGISTER;
  p->iTable = iReg;
  ExprClearProperty(p, EP_Skip);
}

/*
** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
** expression.  Attempt to store the results in register "target".
** Return the register where results are stored.
**
** With this routine, there is no guarantee that results will

      int i;                 /* Loop counter */
      u8 enc = ENC(db);      /* The text encoding used by this database */
      CollSeq *pColl = 0;    /* A collating sequence */

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      testcase( op==TK_CONST_FUNC );
      testcase( op==TK_FUNCTION );
      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;
      }else{
        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
      }
      nFarg = pFarg ? pFarg->nExpr : 0;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      zId = pExpr->u.zToken;

          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr, target);
          sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endCoalesce);
        break;
      }

      /* The UNLIKELY() function is a no-op.  The result is the value
      ** of the first argument.
      */
      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
        assert( nFarg>=1 );
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
        break;
      }

      if( pFarg ){
        r1 = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nFarg);

        /* For length() and typeof() functions with a column argument,
        ** set the P5 parameter to the OP_Column opcode to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
        ** or OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG respectively, to avoid unnecessary data

    **   CASE WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
    **
    ** Form A is can be transformed into the equivalent form B as follows:
    **   CASE WHEN x=e1 THEN r1 WHEN x=e2 THEN r2 ...
    **        WHEN x=eN THEN rN ELSE y END
    **
    ** X (if it exists) is in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is in the last element of pExpr->x.pList if pExpr->x.pList->nExpr is
    ** Y is in pExpr->pRight.  The Y is also optional.  If there is no
    ** ELSE clause and no other term matches, then the result of the
    ** odd.  The Y is also optional.  If the number of elements in x.pList
    ** is even, then Y is omitted and the "otherwise" result is NULL.
    ** exprssion is NULL.
    ** Ei is in pExpr->pList->a[i*2] and Ri is pExpr->pList->a[i*2+1].
    **
    ** The result of the expression is the Ri for the first matching Ei,
    ** or if there is no matching Ei, the ELSE term Y, or if there is
    ** no ELSE term, NULL.
    */
    default: assert( op==TK_CASE ); {
      int endLabel;                     /* GOTO label for end of CASE stmt */
      int nextCase;                     /* GOTO label for next WHEN clause */
      int nExpr;                        /* 2x number of WHEN terms */
      int i;                            /* Loop counter */
      ExprList *pEList;                 /* List of WHEN terms */
      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;  /* Array of WHEN terms */
      Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
      Expr cacheX;                      /* Cached expression X */
      Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
      Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */
      VVA_ONLY( int iCacheLevel = pParse->iCacheLevel; )

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) && pExpr->x.pList );
      assert((pExpr->x.pList->nExpr % 2) == 0);
      assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
      pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
      aListelem = pEList->a;
      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      if( (pX = pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
        cacheX = *pX;
        testcase( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
        testcase( pX->op==TK_REGISTER );
        cacheX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX, &regFree1);
        exprToRegister(&cacheX, sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX, &regFree1));
        testcase( regFree1==0 );
        cacheX.op = TK_REGISTER;
        opCompare.op = TK_EQ;
        opCompare.pLeft = &cacheX;
        pTest = &opCompare;
        /* Ticket b351d95f9cd5ef17e9d9dbae18f5ca8611190001:
        ** The value in regFree1 might get SCopy-ed into the file result.
        ** So make sure that the regFree1 register is not reused for other
        ** purposes and possibly overwritten.  */
        regFree1 = 0;
      }
      for(i=0; i<nExpr; i=i+2){
      for(i=0; i<nExpr-1; i=i+2){
        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
        if( pX ){
          assert( pTest!=0 );
          opCompare.pRight = aListelem[i].pExpr;
        }else{
          pTest = aListelem[i].pExpr;
        }
        nextCase = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        testcase( pTest->op==TK_COLUMN );
        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTest, nextCase, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
        testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER );
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aListelem[i+1].pExpr, target);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, endLabel);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, nextCase);
      }
      if( pExpr->pRight ){
      if( (nExpr&1)!=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pRight, target);
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEList->a[nExpr-1].pExpr, target);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
      }
      assert( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 
           || pParse->iCacheLevel==iCacheLevel );
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);

  ** no way for a TK_REGISTER to exist here.  But it seems prudent to
  ** keep the ALWAYS() in case the conditions above change with future
  ** modifications or enhancements. */
  if( ALWAYS(pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER) ){  
    int iMem;
    iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, inReg, iMem);
    pExpr->iTable = iMem;
    exprToRegister(pExpr, iMem);
    pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
    pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
  }
  return inReg;
}

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN)
/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.

      break;
    }

    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;
      }else{
        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
      }
      if( op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
        sqlite3ExplainPrintf(pOut, "AGG_FUNCTION%d:%s(",
                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken);

  if( isAppropriateForFactoring(pExpr) ){
    int r1 = ++pParse->nMem;
    int r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
    /* If r2!=r1, it means that register r1 is never used.  That is harmless
    ** but suboptimal, so we want to know about the situation to fix it.
    ** Hence the following assert: */
    assert( r2==r1 );
    pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
    pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
    pExpr->iTable = r2;
    exprToRegister(pExpr, r2);
    return WRC_Prune;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Preevaluate constant subexpressions within pExpr and store the

  exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
  compLeft.op = TK_GE;
  compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
  compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
  compRight.op = TK_LE;
  compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
  compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
  exprX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1);
  exprToRegister(&exprX, sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1));
  exprX.op2 = exprX.op;
  exprX.op = TK_REGISTER;
  if( jumpIfTrue ){
    sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);

** just might result in some slightly slower code.  But returning
** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
  if( pA==0||pB==0 ){
    return pB==pA ? 0 : 2;
  }
  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pA, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pB, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
  if( ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_xIsSelect) || ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    return 2;
  }
  if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
  if( pA->op!=pB->op && (pA->op!=TK_REGISTER || pA->op2!=pB->op) ){
    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB, iTab)<2 ){
      return 1;

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
      /* Check to see if the column is in one of the tables in the FROM
      ** clause of the aggregate query */
      if( ALWAYS(pSrcList!=0) ){
        struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrcList->a;
        for(i=0; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
          assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
          if( pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor ){
            /* If we reach this point, it means that pExpr refers to a table
            ** that is in the FROM clause of the aggregate query.  
            **
            ** Make an entry for the column in pAggInfo->aCol[] if there
            ** is not an entry there already.
            */

              }
            }
            /* There is now an entry for pExpr in pAggInfo->aCol[] (either
            ** because it was there before or because we just created it).
            ** Convert the pExpr to be a TK_AGG_COLUMN referring to that
            ** pAggInfo->aCol[] entry.
            */
            ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
            ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
            pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
            pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
            pExpr->iAgg = (i16)k;
            break;
          } /* endif pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor */
        } /* end loop over pSrcList */
      }

            }else{
              pItem->iDistinct = -1;
            }
          }
        }
        /* Make pExpr point to the appropriate pAggInfo->aFunc[] entry
        */
        assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
        ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
        ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
        pExpr->iAgg = (i16)i;
        pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
        return WRC_Prune;
      }else{
        return WRC_Continue;
      }
    }

      }
      sqlite3_result_text(context, z1, n, sqlite3_free);
    }
  }
}

/*
** The COALESCE() and IFNULL() functions are implemented as VDBE code so
** that unused argument values do not have to be computed.  However, we
** still need some kind of function implementation for this routines in
** the function table.  That function implementation will never be called
** so it doesn't matter what the implementation is.  We might as well use
** the "version()" function as a substitute.
** Some functions like COALESCE() and IFNULL() and UNLIKELY() are implemented
** as VDBE code so that unused argument values do not have to be computed.
** However, we still need some kind of function implementation for this
** routines in the function table.  The noopFunc macro provides this.
** noopFunc will never be called so it doesn't matter what the implementation
** is.  We might as well use the "version()" function as a substitute.
*/
#define ifnullFunc versionFunc   /* Substitute function - never called */
#define noopFunc versionFunc   /* Substitute function - never called */

/*
** Implementation of random().  Return a random integer.  
*/
static void randomFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,

    FUNCTION(round,              1, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(round,              2, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
#endif
    FUNCTION(upper,              1, 0, 0, upperFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(lower,              1, 0, 0, lowerFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(coalesce,           1, 0, 0, 0                ),
    FUNCTION(coalesce,           0, 0, 0, 0                ),
    FUNCTION2(coalesce,         -1, 0, 0, ifnullFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
    FUNCTION2(coalesce,         -1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
    FUNCTION(hex,                1, 0, 0, hexFunc          ),
    FUNCTION2(ifnull,            2, 0, 0, ifnullFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
    FUNCTION2(ifnull,            2, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
    FUNCTION2(unlikely,          1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
    FUNCTION2(likelihood,        2, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
    FUNCTION(random,             0, 0, 0, randomFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(randomblob,         1, 0, 0, randomBlob       ),
    FUNCTION(nullif,             2, 0, 1, nullifFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_version,     0, 0, 0, versionFunc      ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_source_id,   0, 0, 0, sourceidFunc     ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_log,         2, 0, 0, errlogFunc       ),
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS

    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, Z, 0);
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, 0, 0);
  if( A.pExpr ){
    A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
    A.pExpr->x.pList = Z ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,Y,Z) : Y;
    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, Z);
  }
  A.zStart = C.z;
  A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
}
%type case_exprlist {ExprList*}
%destructor case_exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
case_exprlist(A) ::= case_exprlist(X) WHEN expr(Y) THEN expr(Z). {

  db = pParse->db;
  pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
  if( pDup==0 ) return;
  if( pOrig->op!=TK_COLUMN && zType[0]!='G' ){
    incrAggFunctionDepth(pDup, nSubquery);
    pDup = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AS, pDup, 0, 0);
    if( pDup==0 ) return;
    ExprSetProperty(pDup, EP_Skip);
    if( pEList->a[iCol].iAlias==0 ){
      pEList->a[iCol].iAlias = (u16)(++pParse->nAlias);
    }
    pDup->iTable = pEList->a[iCol].iAlias;
  }
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
    pDup = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pDup, pExpr->u.zToken);

  */
  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Static);
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
  memcpy(pExpr, pDup, sizeof(*pExpr));
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) && pExpr->u.zToken!=0 ){
    assert( (pExpr->flags & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
    pExpr->u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pExpr->u.zToken);
    pExpr->flags2 |= EP2_MallocedToken;
    pExpr->flags |= EP_MemToken;
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup);
}


/*
** Return TRUE if the name zCol occurs anywhere in the USING clause.

  struct SrcList_item *pMatch = 0;  /* The matching pSrcList item */
  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */
  int isTrigger = 0;

  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
  assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );

  /* Initialize the node to no-match */
  pExpr->iTable = -1;
  pExpr->pTab = 0;
  ExprSetIrreducible(pExpr);
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);

  /* Translate the schema name in zDb into a pointer to the corresponding
  ** schema.  If not found, pSchema will remain NULL and nothing will match
  ** resulting in an appropriate error message toward the end of this routine
  */
  if( zDb ){
    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );

    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"%s prohibited in CHECK constraints", zMsg);
  }
}
#else
# define notValidCheckConstraint(P,N,M)
#endif

/*
** Expression p should encode a floating point value between 1.0 and 0.0.
** Return 1024 times this value.  Or return -1 if p is not a floating point
** value between 1.0 and 0.0.
*/
static int exprProbability(Expr *p){
  double r = -1.0;
  if( p->op!=TK_FLOAT ) return -1;
  sqlite3AtoF(p->u.zToken, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken), SQLITE_UTF8);
  assert( r>=0.0 );
  if( r>1.0 ) return -1;
  return (int)(r*1000.0);
}

/*
** This routine is callback for sqlite3WalkExpr().
**
** Resolve symbolic names into TK_COLUMN operators for the current
** node in the expression tree.  Return 0 to continue the search down
** the tree or 2 to abort the tree walk.

  Parse *pParse;

  pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
  assert( pNC!=0 );
  pParse = pNC->pParse;
  assert( pParse==pWalker->pParse );

  if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved) ) return WRC_Prune;
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved) ) return WRC_Prune;
  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved);
#ifndef NDEBUG
  if( pNC->pSrcList && pNC->pSrcList->nAlloc>0 ){
    SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pNC->pSrcList->nSrc; i++){
      assert( pSrcList->a[i].iCursor>=0 && pSrcList->a[i].iCursor<pParse->nTab);

        if( pDef==0 ){
          no_such_func = 1;
        }else{
          wrong_num_args = 1;
        }
      }else{
        is_agg = pDef->xFunc==0;
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely|EP_Skip);
          if( n==2 ){
            pExpr->iTable = exprProbability(pList->a[1].pExpr);
            if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "second argument to likelihood() must be a "
                                      "constant between 0.0 and 1.0");
              pNC->nErr++;
            }
          }else{
            pExpr->iTable = 62;  /* TUNING:  Default 2nd arg to unlikely() is 0.0625 */
          }             
        }
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
      if( pDef ){
        auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0, pDef->zName, 0);
        if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
          if( auth==SQLITE_DENY ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized to use function: %s",

  pE1 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iLeft, iColLeft);
  pE2 = sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(db, pSrc, iRight, iColRight);

  pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pE1, pE2, 0);
  if( pEq && isOuterJoin ){
    ExprSetProperty(pEq, EP_FromJoin);
    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pEq, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetIrreducible(pEq);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pEq, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(pEq, EP_NoReduce);
    pEq->iRightJoinTable = (i16)pE2->iTable;
  }
  *ppWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, *ppWhere, pEq);
}

/*
** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.

** defer the handling of t1.x=5, it will be processed immediately
** after the t1 loop and rows with t1.x!=5 will never appear in
** the output, which is incorrect.
*/
static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
  while( p ){
    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
    assert( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetIrreducible(p);
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
    ExprSetVVAProperty(p, EP_NoReduce);
    p->iRightJoinTable = (i16)iTable;
    setJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
    p = p->pRight;
  } 
}

/*

#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
#define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
#define SQLITE_Stat3          0x0800   /* Use the SQLITE_STAT3 table */
#define SQLITE_AdjustOutEst   0x1000   /* Adjust output estimates using WHERE */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)

** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
*/
struct Expr {
  u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
  char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
  u16 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
  u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
  union {
    char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
    int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
  } u;

  /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction. 
  *********************************************************************/

  Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
  Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
  union {
    ExprList *pList;     /* Function arguments or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
    Select *pSelect;     /* Used for sub-selects and "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
    ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
    Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
  } x;

  /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
  *********************************************************************/

#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
  int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
#endif
  int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
                         ** TK_REGISTER: register number
                         ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old */
                         ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
                         ** EP_Unlikely:  1000 times likelihood */
  ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
                         ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1). */
  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
  u8 flags2;             /* Second set of flags.  EP2_... */
  u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
                         ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
                         ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
};

/*
** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
*/
#define EP_FromJoin   0x0001  /* Originated in ON or USING clause of a join */
#define EP_Agg        0x0002  /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
#define EP_Resolved   0x0004  /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
#define EP_Error      0x0008  /* Expression contains one or more errors */
#define EP_Distinct   0x0010  /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
#define EP_VarSelect  0x0020  /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
#define EP_DblQuoted  0x0040  /* token.z was originally in "..." */
#define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
#define EP_Collate    0x0100  /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE opeartor */
#define EP_FixedDest  0x0200  /* Result needed in a specific register */
#define EP_IntValue   0x0400  /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
#define EP_xIsSelect  0x0800  /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
#define EP_Hint       0x1000  /* Not used */
#define EP_Reduced    0x2000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly  0x4000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_Static     0x8000  /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originated in ON or USING clause of a join */
#define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
#define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
#define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
#define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
#define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
#define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
#define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
#define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE opeartor */
#define EP_FixedDest 0x000200 /* Result needed in a specific register */
#define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
#define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
#define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
#define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */

/*
** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags2 field.
*/
#define EP2_MallocedToken  0x0001  /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP2_Irreducible    0x0002  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */

#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
#define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
/*
** The pseudo-routine sqlite3ExprSetIrreducible sets the EP2_Irreducible
** flag on an expression structure.  This flag is used for VV&A only.  The
** routine is implemented as a macro that only works when in debugging mode,
** so as not to burden production code.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
# define ExprSetIrreducible(X)  (X)->flags2 |= EP2_Irreducible
#else
# define ExprSetIrreducible(X)
#endif

/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
#define ExprHasAnyProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
#define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
#define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)

/* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
# define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
#else
# define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
#endif

/*
** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr 
** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags 
** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
*/
#define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */

int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  int rc;
  if( pExpr==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
  testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
  testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
  rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
  if( rc==WRC_Continue
              && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr,EP_TokenOnly) ){
              && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_TokenOnly) ){
    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
    }else{
      if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
    }

typedef struct WhereOrCost WhereOrCost;
typedef struct WhereOrSet WhereOrSet;

/*
** Cost X is tracked as 10*log2(X) stored in a 16-bit integer.  The
** maximum cost for ordinary tables is 64*(2**63) which becomes 6900.
** (Virtual tables can return a larger cost, but let's assume they do not.)
** So all costs can be stored in a 16-bit unsigned integer without risk
** So all costs can be stored in a 16-bit integer without risk
** of overflow.
**
** Costs are estimates, so no effort is made to compute 10*log2(X) exactly.
** Instead, a close estimate is used.  Any value of X<=1 is stored as 0.
** X=2 is 10.  X=3 is 16.  X=1000 is 99. etc.
** Instead, a close estimate is used.  Any value of X=1 is stored as 0.
** X=2 is 10.  X=3 is 16.  X=1000 is 99. etc.  Negative values are allowed.
** A WhereCost of -10 means 0.5.  WhereCost of -20 means 0.25.  And so forth.
**
** The tool/wherecosttest.c source file implements a command-line program
** that will convert WhereCosts to integers, convert integers to WhereCosts
** and do addition and multiplication on WhereCost values.  The wherecosttest
** command-line program is a useful utility to have around when working with
** this module.
*/
typedef unsigned short int WhereCost;
typedef short int WhereCost;

/*
** This object contains information needed to implement a single nested
** loop in WHERE clause.
**
** Contrast this object with WhereLoop.  This object describes the
** implementation of the loop.  WhereLoop describes the algorithm.

  int iParent;            /* Disable pWC->a[iParent] when this term disabled */
  int leftCursor;         /* Cursor number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
  union {
    int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
    WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;   /* Extra information if (eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 */
    WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo; /* Extra information if (eOperator& WO_AND)!=0 */
  } u;
  WhereCost truthProb;    /* Probability of truth for this expression */
  u16 eOperator;          /* A WO_xx value describing <op> */
  u8 wtFlags;             /* TERM_xxx bit flags.  See below */
  u8 nChild;              /* Number of children that must disable us */
  WhereClause *pWC;       /* The clause this term is part of */
  Bitmask prereqRight;    /* Bitmask of tables used by pExpr->pRight */
  Bitmask prereqAll;      /* Bitmask of tables referenced by pExpr */
};

    }
  }
  if( pWC->a!=pWC->aStatic ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWC->a);
  }
}

/* Forward declaration */
static WhereCost whereCost(tRowcnt x);

/*
** Add a single new WhereTerm entry to the WhereClause object pWC.
** The new WhereTerm object is constructed from Expr p and with wtFlags.
** The index in pWC->a[] of the new WhereTerm is returned on success.
** 0 is returned if the new WhereTerm could not be added due to a memory
** allocation error.  The memory allocation failure will be recorded in
** the db->mallocFailed flag so that higher-level functions can detect it.

    memcpy(pWC->a, pOld, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nTerm);
    if( pOld!=pWC->aStatic ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOld);
    }
    pWC->nSlot = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pWC->a)/sizeof(pWC->a[0]);
  }
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idx = pWC->nTerm++];
  if( p && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Unlikely) ){
    pTerm->truthProb = whereCost(p->iTable) - 99;
  }else{
    pTerm->truthProb = -1;
  }
  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(p);
  pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
  pTerm->pWC = pWC;
  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  return idx;
}

  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder,
  WhereTerm *pLower,   /* Lower bound on the range. ex: "x>123" Might be NULL */
  WhereTerm *pUpper,   /* Upper bound on the range. ex: "x<455" Might be NULL */
  WhereCost *pnOut     /* IN/OUT: Number of rows visited */
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int nOut = (int)*pnOut;
  WhereCost nNew;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
  Index *p = pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.pIndex;
  int nEq = pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq;

  if( p->nSample>0
   && nEq==pBuilder->nRecValid

      assert( (pLower->eOperator & (WO_GT|WO_GE))!=0 );
      rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, aff, nEq, &bOk);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk ){
        tRowcnt iNew;
        whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);
        iNew = a[0] + ((pLower->eOperator & WO_GT) ? a[1] : 0);
        if( iNew>iLower ) iLower = iNew;
        nOut--;
      }
    }

    /* If possible, improve on the iUpper estimate using ($P:$U). */
    if( pUpper ){
      int bOk;                    /* True if value is extracted from pExpr */
      Expr *pExpr = pUpper->pExpr->pRight;
      assert( (pUpper->eOperator & (WO_LT|WO_LE))!=0 );
      rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, aff, nEq, &bOk);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk ){
        tRowcnt iNew;
        whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 1, a);
        iNew = a[0] + ((pUpper->eOperator & WO_LE) ? a[1] : 0);
        if( iNew<iUpper ) iUpper = iNew;
        nOut--;
      }
    }

    pBuilder->pRec = pRec;
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      WhereCost nNew;
      if( iUpper>iLower ){
        nNew = whereCost(iUpper - iLower);
      }else{
        nNew = 10;        assert( 10==whereCost(2) );
      }
      if( nNew<nOut ){
        nOut = nNew;

#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pParse);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pBuilder);
#endif
  assert( pLower || pUpper );
  /* TUNING:  Each inequality constraint reduces the search space 4-fold.
  ** A BETWEEN operator, therefore, reduces the search space 16-fold */
  nNew = nOut;
  if( pLower && (pLower->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
    nOut -= 20;        assert( 20==whereCost(4) );
    nNew -= 20;        assert( 20==whereCost(4) );
    nOut--;
  }
  if( pUpper ){
    nOut -= 20;        assert( 20==whereCost(4) );
    nNew -= 20;        assert( 20==whereCost(4) );
    nOut--;
  }
  if( nNew<10 ) nNew = 10;
  if( nOut<10 ) nOut = 10;
  if( nNew<nOut ) nOut = nNew;
  *pnOut = (WhereCost)nOut;
  return rc;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/*
** Estimate the number of rows that will be returned based on

    ){
      /* This branch taken when p is equal or better than pTemplate in 
      ** all of (1) dependencies (2) setup-cost, (3) run-cost, and
      ** (4) number of output rows. */
      assert( p->rSetup==pTemplate->rSetup );
      if( p->prereq==pTemplate->prereq
       && p->nLTerm<pTemplate->nLTerm
       && (p->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
       && (pTemplate->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
       && p->u.btree.pIndex==pTemplate->u.btree.pIndex
       && (p->wsFlags & pTemplate->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
       && (p->u.btree.pIndex==pTemplate->u.btree.pIndex
          || pTemplate->rRun+p->nLTerm<=p->rRun+pTemplate->nLTerm)
      ){
        /* Overwrite an existing WhereLoop with an similar one that uses
        ** more terms of the index */
        pNext = p->pNextLoop;
        break;
      }else{
        /* pTemplate is not helpful.
        ** Return without changing or adding anything */
        goto whereLoopInsert_noop;
      }
    }
    if( (p->prereq & pTemplate->prereq)==pTemplate->prereq
     && p->rRun>=pTemplate->rRun
     && p->nOut>=pTemplate->nOut
     && ALWAYS(p->rSetup>=pTemplate->rSetup) /* See SETUP-INVARIANT above */
    ){
      /* Overwrite an existing WhereLoop with a better one: one that is
      ** better at one of (1) dependencies, (2) setup-cost, (3) run-cost
      ** or (4) number of output rows, and is no worse in any of those
      ** categories. */
      assert( p->rSetup>=pTemplate->rSetup ); /* SETUP-INVARIANT above */
      pNext = p->pNextLoop;
      break;
    }
  }

  /* If we reach this point it means that either p[] should be overwritten
  ** with pTemplate[] if p[] exists, or if p==NULL then allocate a new

  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("ins-noop: ");
    whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pWInfo->pTabList);
  }
#endif
  return SQLITE_OK;  
}

/*
** Adjust the WhereLoop.nOut value downward to account for terms of the
** WHERE clause that reference the loop but which are not used by an
** index.
**
** In the current implementation, the first extra WHERE clause term reduces
** the number of output rows by a factor of 10 and each additional term
** reduces the number of output rows by sqrt(2).
*/
static void whereLoopOutputAdjust(WhereClause *pWC, WhereLoop *pLoop, int iCur){
  WhereTerm *pTerm, *pX;
  Bitmask notAllowed = ~(pLoop->prereq|pLoop->maskSelf);
  int i, j;

  if( !OptimizationEnabled(pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db, SQLITE_AdjustOutEst) ){
    return;
  }
  for(i=pWC->nTerm, pTerm=pWC->a; i>0; i--, pTerm++){
    if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) break;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notAllowed)!=0 ) continue;
    for(j=pLoop->nLTerm-1; j>=0; j--){
      pX = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( pX==pTerm ) break;
      if( pX->iParent>=0 && (&pWC->a[pX->iParent])==pTerm ) break;
    }
    if( j<0 ) pLoop->nOut += pTerm->truthProb;
  }
}

/*
** We have so far matched pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq terms of the index pIndex.
** Try to match one more.
**
** If pProbe->tnum==0, that means pIndex is a fake index used for the
** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.

    if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK))==0 ){
      /* Each row involves a step of the index, then a binary search of
      ** the main table */
      pNew->rRun =  whereCostAdd(pNew->rRun, rLogSize>27 ? rLogSize-17 : 10);
    }
    /* Step cost for each output row */
    pNew->rRun = whereCostAdd(pNew->rRun, pNew->nOut);
    /* TBD: Adjust nOut for additional constraints */
    whereLoopOutputAdjust(pBuilder->pWC, pNew, pSrc->iCursor);
    rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
    if( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0
     && pNew->u.btree.nEq<(pProbe->nColumn + (pProbe->zName!=0))
    ){
      whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nInMul+nIn);
    }
    pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;

      pNew->iSortIdx = b ? iSortIdx : 0;
      /* TUNING: Cost of full table scan is 3*(N + log2(N)).
      **  +  The extra 3 factor is to encourage the use of indexed lookups
      **     over full scans.  A smaller constant 2 is used for covering
      **     index scans so that a covering index scan will be favored over
      **     a table scan. */
      pNew->rRun = whereCostAdd(rSize,rLogSize) + 16;
      whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew, pSrc->iCursor);
      rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
      pNew->nOut = rSize;
      if( rc ) break;
    }else{
      Bitmask m = pSrc->colUsed & ~columnsInIndex(pProbe);
      pNew->wsFlags = (m==0) ? (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_INDEXED) : WHERE_INDEXED;

      /* Full scan via index */
      if( b

          pNew->rRun = 10 + whereCostAdd(rSize,rLogSize) - b;
        }else{
          assert( b!=0 ); 
          /* TUNING: Cost of scanning a non-covering index is (N+1)*log2(N)
          ** which we will simplify to just N*log2(N) */
          pNew->rRun = rSize + rLogSize;
        }
        whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew, pSrc->iCursor);
        rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
        pNew->nOut = rSize;
        if( rc ) break;
      }
    }

    rc = whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, 0);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
    sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(pBuilder->pRec);

static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, WhereCost nRowEst){
  int mxChoice;             /* Maximum number of simultaneous paths tracked */
  int nLoop;                /* Number of terms in the join */
  Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db;              /* The database connection */
  int iLoop;                /* Loop counter over the terms of the join */
  int ii, jj;               /* Loop counters */
  int mxI = 0;              /* Index of next entry to replace */
  WhereCost rCost;             /* Cost of a path */
  WhereCost mxCost = 0;        /* Maximum cost of a set of paths */
  WhereCost rSortCost;         /* Cost to do a sort */
  WhereCost rCost;          /* Cost of a path */
  WhereCost nOut;           /* Number of outputs */
  WhereCost mxCost = 0;     /* Maximum cost of a set of paths */
  WhereCost mxOut = 0;      /* Maximum nOut value on the set of paths */
  WhereCost rSortCost;      /* Cost to do a sort */
  int nTo, nFrom;           /* Number of valid entries in aTo[] and aFrom[] */
  WherePath *aFrom;         /* All nFrom paths at the previous level */
  WherePath *aTo;           /* The nTo best paths at the current level */
  WherePath *pFrom;         /* An element of aFrom[] that we are working on */
  WherePath *pTo;           /* An element of aTo[] that we are working on */
  WhereLoop *pWLoop;        /* One of the WhereLoop objects */
  WhereLoop **pX;           /* Used to divy up the pSpace memory */

        u8 isOrdered = pFrom->isOrdered;
        if( (pWLoop->prereq & ~pFrom->maskLoop)!=0 ) continue;
        if( (pWLoop->maskSelf & pFrom->maskLoop)!=0 ) continue;
        /* At this point, pWLoop is a candidate to be the next loop. 
        ** Compute its cost */
        rCost = whereCostAdd(pWLoop->rSetup,pWLoop->rRun + pFrom->nRow);
        rCost = whereCostAdd(rCost, pFrom->rCost);
        nOut = pFrom->nRow + pWLoop->nOut;
        maskNew = pFrom->maskLoop | pWLoop->maskSelf;
        if( !isOrderedValid ){
          switch( wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(pWInfo,
                       pWInfo->pOrderBy, pFrom, pWInfo->wctrlFlags,
                       iLoop, pWLoop, &revMask) ){
            case 1:  /* Yes.  pFrom+pWLoop does satisfy the ORDER BY clause */
              isOrdered = 1;

              break;
          }
        }else{
          revMask = pFrom->revLoop;
        }
        /* Check to see if pWLoop should be added to the mxChoice best so far */
        for(jj=0, pTo=aTo; jj<nTo; jj++, pTo++){
          if( pTo->maskLoop==maskNew && pTo->isOrderedValid==isOrderedValid ){
          if( pTo->maskLoop==maskNew
           && pTo->isOrderedValid==isOrderedValid
           && ((pTo->rCost<=rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut) ||
                (pTo->rCost>=rCost && pTo->nRow>=nOut))
          ){
            testcase( jj==nTo-1 );
            break;
          }
        }
        if( jj>=nTo ){
          if( nTo>=mxChoice && rCost>=mxCost ){
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
            if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%3d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost,
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                  isOrderedValid ? (isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
            }
#endif
            continue;
          }
          /* Add a new Path to the aTo[] set */
          if( nTo<mxChoice ){
            /* Increase the size of the aTo set by one */
            jj = nTo++;
          }else{
            /* New path replaces the prior worst to keep count below mxChoice */
            for(jj=nTo-1; aTo[jj].rCost<mxCost; jj--){ assert(jj>0); }
            jj = mxI;
          }
          pTo = &aTo[jj];
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
          if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost,
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                isOrderedValid ? (isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
          }
#endif
        }else{
          if( pTo->rCost<=rCost ){
          if( pTo->rCost<=rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut ){
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
            if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
              sqlite3DebugPrintf(
                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d order=%c",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost,
                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                  isOrderedValid ? (isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost,
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
                  pTo->isOrderedValid ? (pTo->isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
            }
#endif
            testcase( pTo->rCost==rCost );
            continue;
          }
          testcase( pTo->rCost==rCost+1 );
          /* A new and better score for a previously created equivalent path */
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
          if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
            sqlite3DebugPrintf(
                "Update %s cost=%-3d order=%c",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost,
                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                isOrderedValid ? (isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost,
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
                pTo->isOrderedValid ? (pTo->isOrdered ? 'Y' : 'N') : '?');
          }
#endif
        }
        /* pWLoop is a winner.  Add it to the set of best so far */
        pTo->maskLoop = pFrom->maskLoop | pWLoop->maskSelf;
        pTo->revLoop = revMask;
        pTo->nRow = pFrom->nRow + pWLoop->nOut;
        pTo->nRow = nOut;
        pTo->rCost = rCost;
        pTo->isOrderedValid = isOrderedValid;
        pTo->isOrdered = isOrdered;
        memcpy(pTo->aLoop, pFrom->aLoop, sizeof(WhereLoop*)*iLoop);
        pTo->aLoop[iLoop] = pWLoop;
        if( nTo>=mxChoice ){
          mxI = 0;
          mxCost = aTo[0].rCost;
          mxOut = aTo[0].nRow;
          for(jj=1, pTo=&aTo[1]; jj<mxChoice; jj++, pTo++){
            if( pTo->rCost>mxCost || (pTo->rCost==mxCost && pTo->nRow>mxOut) ){
            if( pTo->rCost>mxCost ) mxCost = pTo->rCost;
              mxCost = pTo->rCost;
              mxOut = pTo->nRow;
              mxI = jj;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace>=2 ){

    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no query solution");
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSpace);
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  
  /* Find the lowest cost path.  pFrom will be left pointing to that path */
  pFrom = aFrom;
  assert( nFrom==1 );
#if 0 /* The following is needed if nFrom is ever more than 1 */
  for(ii=1; ii<nFrom; ii++){
    if( pFrom->rCost>aFrom[ii].rCost ) pFrom = &aFrom[ii];
  }
#endif
  assert( pWInfo->nLevel==nLoop );
  /* Load the lowest cost path into pWInfo */
  for(iLoop=0; iLoop<nLoop; iLoop++){
    WhereLevel *pLevel = pWInfo->a + iLoop;
    pLevel->pWLoop = pWLoop = pFrom->aLoop[iLoop];
    pLevel->iFrom = pWLoop->iTab;
    pLevel->iTabCur = pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor;

  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=10 AND c=10;
} {/USING INDEX i1/}
do_eqp_test 17.3 {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=0 AND c=10;
} {/USING INDEX i1/}

do_execsql_test 17.4 {
  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(c);
  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(c, d);
  ANALYZE main.i2;
}
do_eqp_test 17.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=10 AND c=10;
} {/USING INDEX i1/}
do_eqp_test 17.6 {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE d IS NOT NULL AND a=0 AND b=0 AND c=10;

# 2013-09-05
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# 
# Test cases for query planning decisions and the unlikely() and
# likelihood() functions.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_execsql_test whereG-1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE composer(
    cid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    cname TEXT
  );
  CREATE TABLE album(
    aid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    aname TEXT
  );
  CREATE TABLE track(
    tid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    cid INTEGER REFERENCES composer,
    aid INTEGER REFERENCES album,
    title TEXT
  );
  CREATE INDEX track_i1 ON track(cid);
  CREATE INDEX track_i2 ON track(aid);
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(1, 'W. A. Mozart');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(2, 'Beethoven');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(3, 'Thomas Tallis');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(4, 'Joseph Hayden');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(5, 'Thomas Weelkes');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(6, 'J. S. Bach');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(7, 'Orlando Gibbons');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(8, 'Josquin des Prés');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(9, 'Byrd');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(10, 'Francis Poulenc');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(11, 'Mendelsshon');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(12, 'Zoltán Kodály');
  INSERT INTO composer VALUES(13, 'Handel');
  INSERT INTO album VALUES(100, 'Kodály: Missa Brevis');
  INSERT INTO album VALUES(101, 'Messiah');
  INSERT INTO album VALUES(102, 'Missa Brevis in D-, K.65');
  INSERT INTO album VALUES(103, 'The complete English anthems');
  INSERT INTO album VALUES(104, 'Mass in B Minor, BWV 232');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10005, 12, 100, 'Sanctus');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10007, 12, 100, 'Agnus Dei');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10115, 13, 101, 'Surely He Hath Borne Our Griefs');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10129, 13, 101, 'Since By Man Came Death');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10206, 1, 102, 'Agnus Dei');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10301, 3, 103, 'If Ye Love Me');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10402, 6, 104, 'Domine Deus');
  INSERT INTO track VALUES(10403, 6, 104, 'Qui tollis');
} {}
do_eqp_test whereG-1.1 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE unlikely(cname LIKE '%bach%')
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {/.*composer.*track.*album.*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.2 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE unlikely(cname LIKE '%bach%')
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_eqp_test whereG-1.3 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE likelihood(cname LIKE '%bach%', 0.5)
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {/.*track.*composer.*album.*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.4 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE likelihood(cname LIKE '%bach%', 0.5)
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_eqp_test whereG-1.5 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {/.*track.*composer.*album.*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.6 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_eqp_test whereG-1.7 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND unlikely(composer.cid=track.cid)
     AND unlikely(album.aid=track.aid);
} {/.*track.*composer.*album.*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.8 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND unlikely(composer.cid=track.cid)
     AND unlikely(album.aid=track.aid);
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_test whereG-2.1 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT DISTINCT aname
      FROM album, composer, track
     WHERE likelihood(cname LIKE '%bach%', -0.01)
       AND composer.cid=track.cid
       AND album.aid=track.aid;
  }
} {1 {second argument to likelihood() must be a constant between 0.0 and 1.0}}
do_test whereG-2.2 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT DISTINCT aname
      FROM album, composer, track
     WHERE likelihood(cname LIKE '%bach%', 1.01)
       AND composer.cid=track.cid
       AND album.aid=track.aid;
  }
} {1 {second argument to likelihood() must be a constant between 0.0 and 1.0}}
do_test whereG-2.3 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT DISTINCT aname
      FROM album, composer, track
     WHERE likelihood(cname LIKE '%bach%', track.cid)
       AND composer.cid=track.cid
       AND album.aid=track.aid;
  }
} {1 {second argument to likelihood() must be a constant between 0.0 and 1.0}}

# Commuting a term of the WHERE clause should not change the query plan
#
do_execsql_test whereG-3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE a(a1 PRIMARY KEY, a2);
  CREATE TABLE b(b1 PRIMARY KEY, b2);
} {}
do_eqp_test whereG-3.1 {
  SELECT * FROM a, b WHERE b1=a1 AND a2=5;
} {/.*SCAN TABLE a.*SEARCH TABLE b USING INDEX .*b_1 .b1=..*/}
do_eqp_test whereG-3.2 {
  SELECT * FROM a, b WHERE a1=b1 AND a2=5;
} {/.*SCAN TABLE a.*SEARCH TABLE b USING INDEX .*b_1 .b1=..*/}
do_eqp_test whereG-3.3 {
  SELECT * FROM a, b WHERE a2=5 AND b1=a1;
} {/.*SCAN TABLE a.*SEARCH TABLE b USING INDEX .*b_1 .b1=..*/}
do_eqp_test whereG-3.4 {
  SELECT * FROM a, b WHERE a2=5 AND a1=b1;
} {/.*SCAN TABLE a.*SEARCH TABLE b USING INDEX .*b_1 .b1=..*/}


finish_test