SQLite

    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE: {
      FILE *out = va_arg(ap, FILE*);
      if( sqlite3ParserCoverage(out) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
    }
#endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) */

    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL, sqlite3_context*);
    **
    ** This test-control causes the most recent sqlite3_result_int64() value
    ** to be interpreted as a MEM_IntReal instead of as an MEM_Int.  Normally,
    ** MEM_IntReal values only arise during an INSERT operation of integer
    ** values into a REAL column, so they can be challenging to test.  This
    ** test-control enables us to write an intreal() SQL function that can
    ** inject an intreal() value at arbitrary places in an SQL statement,
    ** for testing purposes.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL: {
      sqlite3_context *pCtx = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_context*);
      sqlite3ResultIntReal(pCtx);
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);
#endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
  return rc;
}

/*

#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    27  /* Largest TESTCTRL */

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
**
** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords 
** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,

const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
                        void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
#endif
sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
#endif
int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION

  sqlite3_context *context, 
  int argc,  
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  static int cnt = 0;
  sqlite3_result_int(context, cnt++);
}

/*
** This SQL function returns the integer value of its argument as a MEM_IntReal
** value.
*/
static void intrealFunction(
  sqlite3_context *context, 
  int argc,  
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3_int64 v = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
  sqlite3_result_int64(context, v);
  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL, context);
}

/*
** Usage:  sqlite3_create_function DB
**
** Call the sqlite3_create_function API on the given database in order
** to create a function named "x_coalesce".  This function does the same thing
** as the "coalesce" function.  This function also registers an SQL function

    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "counter1", -1, SQLITE_UTF8,
          0, nondeterministicFunction, 0, 0);
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "counter2", -1, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,
          0, nondeterministicFunction, 0, 0);
  }

  /* The intreal() function converts its argument to an integer and returns
  ** it as a MEM_IntReal.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "intreal", 1, SQLITE_UTF8,
          0, intrealFunction, 0, 0);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
  /* Use the sqlite3_create_function16() API here. Mainly for fun, but also 
  ** because it is not tested anywhere else. */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    const void *zUtf16;
    sqlite3_value *pVal;

** point or exponential notation, the result is only MEM_Real, even
** if there is an exact integer representation of the quantity.
*/
static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
  double rValue;
  i64 iValue;
  u8 enc = pRec->enc;
  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==MEM_Str );
  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_Str );
  if( sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc)==0 ) return;
  if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pRec->z, &iValue, pRec->n, enc) ){
    pRec->u.i = iValue;
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Int;
  }else{
    pRec->u.r = rValue;
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Real;

  }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
    /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
    ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
    ** representation.  It would be harmless to repeat the conversion if 
    ** there is already a string rep, but it is pointless to waste those
    ** CPU cycles. */
    if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
      if( (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
      if( (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal)) ){
        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pRec, enc, 1);
      }
    }
    pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int);
    pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal);
  }
}

/*
** Try to convert the type of a function argument or a result column
** into a numeric representation.  Use either INTEGER or REAL whichever
** is appropriate.  But only do the conversion if it is possible without

/*
** pMem currently only holds a string type (or maybe a BLOB that we can
** interpret as a string if we want to).  Compute its corresponding
** numeric type, if has one.  Set the pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i fields
** accordingly.
*/
static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 );
  ExpandBlob(pMem);
  if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
    return MEM_Int;
  }
  return MEM_Real;
}

/*
** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or
** none.  
**
** Unlike applyNumericAffinity(), this routine does not modify pMem->flags.
** But it does set pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i appropriately.
*/
static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
  }
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Str );
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
    return computeNumericType(pMem);
  }
  return 0;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*

static void memTracePrint(Mem *p){
  if( p->flags & MEM_Undefined ){
    printf(" undefined");
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
    printf(p->flags & MEM_Zero ? " NULL-nochng" : " NULL");
  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
    printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
    printf(" ir:%lld", p->u.i);
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
    printf(" i:%lld", p->u.i);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
    printf(" r:%g", p->u.r);
#endif

    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
#else
    if( sqlite3IsNaN(rB) ){
      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
    }
    pOut->u.r = rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
    if( ((type1|type2)&MEM_Real)==0 && !bIntint ){
    if( ((type1|type2)&(MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 && !bIntint ){
      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
    }
#endif
  }
  break;

arithmetic_result_is_null:

** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
** to have only a real value.
*/
case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
    testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST

      break;
    }
  }else{
    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
    affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
    if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Str ){
        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
          assert( flags3==pIn3->flags );
          /* testcase( flags3!=pIn3->flags );
          ** this used to be possible with pIn1==pIn3, but not since
          ** the column cache was removed.  The following assignment
          ** is essentially a no-op.  But, it provides defense-in-depth
          ** in case our analysis is incorrect, so it is left in. */
          flags3 = pIn3->flags;
        }
        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
        }
      }
      /* Handle the common case of integer comparison here, as an
      ** optimization, to avoid a call to sqlite3MemCompare() */
      if( (pIn1->flags & pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
        if( pIn3->u.i > pIn1->u.i ){ res = +1; goto compare_op; }
        if( pIn3->u.i < pIn1->u.i ){ res = -1; goto compare_op; }
        res = 0;
        goto compare_op;
      }
    }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags1&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn1->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
        flags1 = (pIn1->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1 & MEM_TypeMask);
        assert( pIn1!=pIn3 );
      }
      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags3&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn3->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
        flags3 = (pIn3->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags3 & MEM_TypeMask);
      }
    }
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ || pOp->p4.pColl==0 );
    res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);

    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)] );
    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
    applyAffinity(pIn1, zAffinity[0], encoding);
    if( zAffinity[0]==SQLITE_AFF_REAL && (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
      /* When applying REAL affinity, if the result is still MEM_Int, 
      ** indicate that REAL is actually desired */
      pIn1->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
      pIn1->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
    }
    REGISTER_TRACE((int)(pIn1-aMem), pIn1);
    zAffinity++;
    if( zAffinity[0]==0 ) break;
    pIn1++;
  }
  break;

    assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasHint(pC->uc.pCursor, BTREE_SEEK_EQ)==0
              || CORRUPT_DB );

    /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
    ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
    ** the seek, so convert it. */
    pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3, 0);
    }
    iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);

    /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
    ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
    if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
        /* If the P3 value cannot be converted into any kind of a number,
        ** then the seek is not possible, so jump to P2 */
        VdbeBranchTaken(1,2); goto jump_to_p2;
        break;
      }

case OP_SeekRowid: {        /* jump, in3 */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  u64 iKey;

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
  if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
    /* Make sure pIn3->u.i contains a valid integer representation of
    ** the key value, but do not change the datatype of the register, as
    ** other parts of the perpared statement might be depending on the
    ** current datatype. */
    u16 origFlags = pIn3->flags;
    int isNotInt;
    applyAffinity(pIn3, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
/* EVIDENCE-OF: R-12793-43283 Every value in SQLite has one of five
** fundamental datatypes: 64-bit signed integer 64-bit IEEE floating
** point number string BLOB NULL
*/
int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value* pVal){
  static const u8 aType[] = {
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x00 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x01 */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x02 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x03 */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x04 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x05 */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x06 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x07 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x08 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x09 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x0a */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0b */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0c */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0d */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0e */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0f */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x10 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x11 */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x12 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x13 */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x14 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x15 */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x16 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x17 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x18 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x19 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x1a */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1b */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1c */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1d */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1e */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1f */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x00 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x01 NULL */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x02 TEXT */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x03 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x04 INTEGER */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x05 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x06 INTEGER + TEXT */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x07 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x08 FLOAT */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x09 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x0a FLOAT + TEXT */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0b (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0c (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0d (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0e (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0f (not possible) */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x10 BLOB */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x11 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x12 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x13 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x14 INTEGER + BLOB */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x15 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x16 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x17 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x18 FLOAT + BLOB */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x19 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x1a (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1b (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1c (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1d (not possible) */
     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1e (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1f (not possible) */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x20 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x21 */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x22 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x23 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x24 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x25 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x26 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x27 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x28 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x29 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2a */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2b */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2c */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2d */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2e */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2f */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x30 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x31 */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x32 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x33 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x34 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x35 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x36 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x37 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x38 */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x39 */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3a */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3b */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3c */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3d */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3e */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3f */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x20 INTREAL */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x21 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x22 INTREAL + TEXT */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x23 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x24 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x25 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x26 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x27 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x28 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x29 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2a (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2b (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2c (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2d (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2e (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2f (not possible) */
     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x30 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x31 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x32 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x33 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x34 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x35 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x36 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x37 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x38 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x39 (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3a (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3b (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3c (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3d (not possible) */
     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3e (not possible) */
     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3f (not possible) */
  };
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  {
    int eType = SQLITE_BLOB;
    if( pVal->flags & MEM_Null ){
      eType = SQLITE_NULL;
    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Int ){
      eType = (pVal->flags & MEM_IntReal) ? SQLITE_FLOAT : SQLITE_INTEGER;
    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Real ){
      eType = SQLITE_FLOAT;
    }else if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
      eType = SQLITE_FLOAT;
    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Int ){
      eType = SQLITE_INTEGER;
    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Str ){
      eType = SQLITE_TEXT;
    }
    assert( eType == aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask] );
  }
#endif
  return aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask];

/* An SQLITE_NOMEM error. */
void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
  pCtx->isError = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  sqlite3OomFault(pCtx->pOut->db);
}

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
/* Force the INT64 value currently stored as the result to be
** a MEM_IntReal value.  See the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL
** test-control.
*/
void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context *pCtx){ 
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  if( pCtx->pOut->flags & MEM_Int ){
    pCtx->pOut->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
    pCtx->pOut->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
  }
}
#endif


/*
** This function is called after a transaction has been committed. It 
** invokes callbacks registered with sqlite3_wal_hook() as required.
*/
static int doWalCallbacks(sqlite3 *db){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  pMem = *ppValue = &p->pUnpacked->aMem[iIdx];
  if( iIdx==p->pTab->iPKey ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, p->iKey1);
  }else if( iIdx>=p->pUnpacked->nField ){
    *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
  }else if( p->pTab->aCol[iIdx].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
    if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
    if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
      sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pMem);
    }
  }

 preupdate_old_out:
  sqlite3Error(db, rc);
  return sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);

      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%.16g", *pOp->p4.pReal);
      break;
    }
    case P4_MEM: {
      Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;
      if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
        zP4 = pMem->z;
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
      }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%.16g", pMem->u.r);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ){
        zP4 = "NULL";
      }else{
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );

  u32 n;

  assert( pLen!=0 );
  if( flags&MEM_Null ){
    *pLen = 0;
    return 0;
  }
  if( flags&MEM_Int ){
  if( flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
    /* Figure out whether to use 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 bytes. */
#   define MAX_6BYTE ((((i64)0x00008000)<<32)-1)
    i64 i = pMem->u.i;
    u64 u;
    testcase( flags & MEM_Int );
    testcase( flags & MEM_IntReal );
    if( i<0 ){
      u = ~i;
    }else{
      u = i;
    }
    if( u<=127 ){
      if( (i&1)==i && file_format>=4 ){

  */
  if( combined_flags&MEM_Null ){
    return (f2&MEM_Null) - (f1&MEM_Null);
  }

  /* At least one of the two values is a number
  */
  if( combined_flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
    if( (f1 & f2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
  if( combined_flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_Int );
    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_Real );
    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_IntReal );
    if( (f1 & f2 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
      testcase( f1 & f2 & MEM_Int );
      testcase( f1 & f2 & MEM_IntReal );
      if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
      if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return +1;
      return 0;
    }
    if( (f1 & f2 & MEM_Real)!=0 ){
      if( pMem1->u.r < pMem2->u.r ) return -1;
      if( pMem1->u.r > pMem2->u.r ) return +1;
      return 0;
    }
    if( (f1&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
    if( (f1&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
      testcase( f1 & MEM_Int );
      testcase( f1 & MEM_IntReal );
      if( (f2&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
        return sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pMem1->u.i, pMem2->u.r);
      }else if( (f2&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
        if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return +1;
        return 0;
      }else{
        return -1;
      }
    }
    if( (f1&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
      if( (f2&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
      if( (f2&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
        testcase( f2 & MEM_Int );
        testcase( f2 & MEM_IntReal );
        return -sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pMem2->u.i, pMem1->u.r);
      }else{
        return -1;
      }
    }
    return +1;
  }

  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
  assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
  do{
    u32 serial_type;

    /* RHS is an integer */
    if( pRhs->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
    if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int ){
      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int );
      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_IntReal );
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      testcase( serial_type==12 );
      if( serial_type>=10 ){
        rc = +1;
      }else if( serial_type==0 ){
        rc = -1;
      }else if( serial_type==7 ){

    }
    if( (flags & MEM_Int) ){
      return vdbeRecordCompareInt;
    }
    testcase( flags & MEM_Real );
    testcase( flags & MEM_Null );
    testcase( flags & MEM_Blob );
    if( (flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null|MEM_Blob))==0
    if( (flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_Null|MEM_Blob))==0 && p->pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0 ){
     && p->pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0
    ){
      assert( flags & MEM_Str );
      return vdbeRecordCompareString;
    }
  }

  return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare;
}

** stores a single value in the VDBE.  Mem is an opaque structure visible
** only within the VDBE.  Interface routines refer to a Mem using the
** name sqlite_value
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/* True if X is a power of two.  0 is considered a power of two here.
** In other words, return true if X has at most one bit set.
*/
#define ISPOWEROF2(X)  (((X)&((X)-1))==0)

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Check invariants on a Mem object.
**
** This routine is intended for use inside of assert() statements, like
** this:    assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pMem) );
*/
int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
  /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.  
  ** Mem.xDel might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
  */
  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->xDel!=0 );

  /* MEM_Dyn may only be set if Mem.szMalloc==0.  In this way we
  ** ensure that if Mem.szMalloc>0 then it is safe to do
  ** Mem.z = Mem.zMalloc without having to check Mem.flags&MEM_Dyn.
  ** That saves a few cycles in inner loops. */
  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->szMalloc==0 );

  /* Cannot be both MEM_Int and MEM_Real at the same time */
  assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
  /* Cannot have more than one of MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal */
  assert( ISPOWEROF2(p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal)) );

  if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
    /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
    assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str|MEM_Blob|MEM_Agg))==0 );

    /* If MEM_Null is set, then either the value is a pure NULL (the usual
    ** case) or it is a pointer set using sqlite3_bind_pointer() or

    );
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif

/*
** Render a Mem object which is either MEM_Int or MEM_Real into a
** buffer.
** Render a Mem object which is one of MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal
** into a buffer.
*/
static void vdbeMemRenderNum(int sz, char *zBuf, Mem *p){
  StrAccum acc;
  assert( p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
  assert( p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sz, 0);
  if( p->flags & MEM_IntReal ){
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%!.15g", (double)p->u.i);
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%lld", p->u.i);
  if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%lld", p->u.i);
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_IntReal ){
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%!.15g", (double)p->u.i);
  }else{
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%!.15g", p->u.r);
  }
  assert( acc.zText==zBuf && acc.mxAlloc<=0 );
  zBuf[acc.nChar] = 0; /* Fast version of sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc) */
}

** This routine is for use inside of assert() statements only.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemConsistentDualRep(Mem *p){
  char zBuf[100];
  char *z;
  int i, j, incr;
  if( (p->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ) return 1;
  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ) return 1;
  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 ) return 1;
  vdbeMemRenderNum(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, p);
  z = p->z;
  i = j = 0;
  incr = 1;
  if( p->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    incr = 2;
    if( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE ) z++;

/*
** Change the pMem->zMalloc allocation to be at least szNew bytes.
** If pMem->zMalloc already meets or exceeds the requested size, this
** routine is a no-op.
**
** Any prior string or blob content in the pMem object may be discarded.
** The pMem->xDel destructor is called, if it exists.  Though MEM_Str
** and MEM_Blob values may be discarded, MEM_Int, MEM_Real, and MEM_Null
** values are preserved.
** and MEM_Blob values may be discarded, MEM_Int, MEM_Real, MEM_IntReal,
** and MEM_Null values are preserved.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code (probably SQLITE_NOMEM)
** if unable to complete the resizing.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(Mem *pMem, int szNew){
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || szNew>0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || pMem->szMalloc==0 );

}

/*
** Add MEM_Str to the set of representations for the given Mem.  Numbers
** are converted using sqlite3_snprintf().  Converting a BLOB to a string
** is a no-op.
**
** Existing representations MEM_Int and MEM_Real are invalidated if
** bForce is true but are retained if bForce is false.
** Existing representations MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal are invalidated
** if bForce is true but are retained if bForce is false.
**
** A MEM_Null value will never be passed to this function. This function is
** used for converting values to text for returning to the user (i.e. via
** sqlite3_value_text()), or for ensuring that values to be used as btree
** keys are strings. In the former case a NULL pointer is returned the
** user and the latter is an internal programming error.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem *pMem, u8 enc, u8 bForce){
  const int nByte = 32;

  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( !(pMem->flags&MEM_Zero) );
  assert( !(pMem->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
  assert( pMem->flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
  assert( pMem->flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
  assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );


  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte) ){
    pMem->enc = 0;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;

  return value;
}
i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem *pMem){
  int flags;
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  flags = pMem->flags;
  if( flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
  if( flags & MEM_Int ){
    testcase( flags & MEM_IntReal );
    return pMem->u.i;
  }else if( flags & MEM_Real ){
    return doubleToInt64(pMem->u.r);
  }else if( flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    assert( pMem->z || pMem->n==0 );
    return memIntValue(pMem);
  }else{

  return val;
}
double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem *pMem){
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
    return pMem->u.r;
  }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
  }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
    return (double)pMem->u.i;
  }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    return memRealValue(pMem);
  }else{
    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
    return (double)0;
  }
}

/*
** Return 1 if pMem represents true, and return 0 if pMem represents false.
** Return the value ifNull if pMem is NULL.  
*/
int sqlite3VdbeBooleanValue(Mem *pMem, int ifNull){
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ) return pMem->u.i!=0;
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ) return pMem->u.i!=0;
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return ifNull;
  return sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem)!=0.0;
}

/*
** The MEM structure is already a MEM_Real.  Try to also make it a
** MEM_Int if we can.

*/
static int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double r1, sqlite3_int64 i){
  double r2 = (double)i;
  return memcmp(&r1, &r2, sizeof(r1))==0;
}

/*
** Convert pMem so that it has types MEM_Real or MEM_Int or both.
** Convert pMem so that it has type MEM_Real or MEM_Int.
** Invalidate any prior representations.
**
** Every effort is made to force the conversion, even if the input
** is a string that does not look completely like a number.  Convert
** as much of the string as we can and ignore the rest.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Null );
  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 ){
  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))==0 ){
    int rc;
    assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
    rc = sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
    if( rc==0 ){
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
    }else{
      i64 i = pMem->u.i;
      sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
      if( rc==1 && sqlite3RealSameAsInt(pMem->u.r, i) ){
        pMem->u.i = i;
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
      }else{
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
      }
    }
  }
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))!=0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))!=0 );
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Cast the datatype of the value in pMem according to the affinity
** "aff".  Casting is different from applying affinity in that a cast

      /* If pX is marked as a shallow copy of pMem, then verify that
      ** no significant changes have been made to pX since the OP_SCopy.
      ** A significant change would indicated a missed call to this
      ** function for pX.  Minor changes, such as adding or removing a
      ** dual type, are allowed, as long as the underlying value is the
      ** same. */
      u16 mFlags = pMem->flags & pX->flags & pX->mScopyFlags;
      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Int)==0 || pMem->u.i==pX->u.i );
      assert( (mFlags&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 || pMem->u.i==pX->u.i );
      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Real)==0 || pMem->u.r==pX->u.r );
      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Str)==0  || (pMem->n==pX->n && pMem->z==pX->z) );
      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Blob)==0  || sqlite3BlobCompare(pMem,pX)==0 );
      
      /* pMem is the register that is changing.  But also mark pX as
      ** undefined so that we can quickly detect the shallow-copy error */
      pX->flags = MEM_Undefined;

      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
    }
    if( (op==TK_INTEGER || op==TK_FLOAT ) && affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }else{
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }
    assert( (pVal->flags & MEM_IntReal)==0 );
    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ) pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real) ){
      testcase( pVal->flags & MEM_Int );
      testcase( pVal->flags & MEM_Real );
      pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
    }
    if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);
    }
  }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
    /* This branch happens for multiple negative signs.  Ex: -(-5) */
    if( SQLITE_OK==valueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal,pCtx) 
     && pVal!=0

      }
      zRawSql += nToken;
      nextIndex = idx + 1;
      assert( idx>0 && idx<=p->nVar );
      pVar = &p->aVar[idx-1];
      if( pVar->flags & MEM_Null ){
        sqlite3_str_append(&out, "NULL", 4);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Int ){
      }else if( pVar->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
        sqlite3_str_appendf(&out, "%lld", pVar->u.i);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3_str_appendf(&out, "%!.15g", pVar->u.r);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Str ){
        int nOut;  /* Number of bytes of the string text to include in output */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
        u8 enc = ENC(db);

# 2019-05-03
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# Tests to exercise the MEM_IntReal representation of Mem objects.
#
set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix intreal

sqlite3_create_function db
do_execsql_test 100 {
  SELECT intreal(5);
} {5.0}
do_execsql_test 110 {
  SELECT intreal(5)=5, 6=intreal(6);
} {1 1}
do_execsql_test 120 {
  SELECT intreal(7)=7.0, 8.0=intreal(8);
} {1 1}
do_execsql_test 130 {
  SELECT typeof(intreal(9));
} {real}
do_execsql_test 140 {
  SELECT 'a'||intreal(11)||'z';
} {a11.0z}

do_execsql_test 150 {
  SELECT max(1.0,intreal(2),3.0), max(1,intreal(2),3);
} {3.0 3}
do_execsql_test 160 {
  SELECT max(1.0,intreal(4),3.0), max(1,intreal(4),3);
} {4.0 4.0}
do_execsql_test 170 {
  SELECT max(1.0,intreal(2),intreal(3),4.0),
         max(1,intreal(2),intreal(3),4);
} {4.0 4}
do_execsql_test 180 {
  SELECT max(1.0,intreal(5),intreal(3),4.0),
         max(1,intreal(5),intreal(3),4);
} {5.0 5.0}




finish_test